Red Bull Cool Factor - 7088 Words

HOW RED BULL CREATED THE â€Å"COOL† FACTOR QUESTION 1: Origin: Red Bull energy drink has had wings since it took off 25 years ago. The iconic Red bull drink as we know it today in the western world was originally found in Thailand in 1987 by an Austrian entrepreneur who was inspired when he realized that it could cure his jet lag. The original drink called Krateng Daeng was first invented and only available in Thailand. The Austrian entrepreneur, Dietrich Mateschitz then in partnership with Chaleo Yoovidhva modified the energy drink to suit the taste of the western world and the iconic carbonated Red Bull energy drink was found and first started in Austria. In 1992, the product expanded to international markets, at first†¦show more content†¦Red Bull Product Range Red Bull cans original on the left and sugar free on the right available in a 250ml can sold at R14.99 in South Africa also available in a 355ml R19.99 can and now in a 473ml R24,99 can. Pack sizes of 4 units per pack. Red Bull limited edition RED, SILVER and BLUE available in 250ml can RSP at R14.99 in South Africa Red Bull energy shot RSP at R12.99 in South Africa Red Bull cans as we know it in the western world. The original Thai Red Bull bottle. Original Thai Red Bull bottle that inspired Austrian entrepreneur â€Å"Dietrich Mateschitz† to westernize the drink! Perceived Market Share: According to market share Red bull is the most successful and popular energy drink in the world, international they dominate the market with year on year growth and is responsible for an estimated 70% of sales in the energy drink market year to date. Remarkably between 2009 until 2012 they have dominated with an estimated market share of 42% in the energy drink market. A total of 5.226 billion cans of Red bull were sold worldwide in 2012 representing an increase of 12.8% against 2011. Red Bull is well known by consumers to ‘vitalize body and mind’ and is generally purchased by most for this purpose. QUESTION 2 Product Offering Red bull is a premium brand that consumers are willing to pay the higher price for because it satisfies their needs and wants, and it also delivers on its promise to ‘Vitalize Body andShow MoreRelatedRed Bull Cool Factor7077 Words   |  29 PagesHOW RED BULL CREATED THE â€Å"COOL† FACTOR QUESTION 1: Origin: Red Bull energy drink has had wings since it took off 25 years ago. The iconic Red bull drink as we know it today in the western world was originally found in Thailand in 1987 by an Austrian entrepreneur who was inspired when he realized that it could cure his jet lag. The original drink called Krateng Daeng was first invented and only available in Thailand. The Austrian entrepreneur, Dietrich Mateschitz then in partnership with ChaleoRead MoreRedbull Branding Strategy1207 Words   |  5 PagesChristian Schuhart, several criteria used for different market segmentation include: demographical, socio-economical, psychographic and observable behavior segmentation. Demographic segmentation is market segmentation based on various demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, social class, etc. It helps the firm to divide the market into several segments or groups, each having a common variable and target each of these groups to enhance its performance; In Psychographic segmentationRead MoreRed Bull993 Words   |  4 PagesRed bull is the worlds oldest and most successful energy drink brands. In 1966, Red Bull was born in Thailand as a kind of vitamin energy drink, and then Austrian entrepreneur  Dietrich Mateschitz  was inspired by this pre-existing energy drink and took this idea, modified the ingredients to suit the tastes of westerners. Now it has more than 40 years of history so far with excellent quality and good reputation, Red Bull drinks are sold in more than 140 countries and regions around the world, rankRead MoreRed Bull As Ideal Drink For Any Sport Activity1256 Words   |  6 Pages Red Bull is the most famous invigorating drink in the world.The Austrian company has been selling it for already twenty years. Firstly, it conquered Europe, then America, well after reborn drink returned to its homeland-Taiwan and all the rest of Asia. Today Red Bull has annual sales of around 4 billion cans in 160 countries and employs more than 7,700 people. Because of it energy building ingredients and revitalizing qualities Red Bull focusses their brand around the theme â€Å"Red Bull gives you wings†Read MoreRed Bull Case Study3127 Words   |  13 PagesRed Bull Report – Sales Forecasting 2010 Tiago LK, Jovan A., Tamas F. BBCi_Principles of Sales 4/20/2010 RED BULL REPORT Red Bull operates within the energy drink sector of the soft drink market and has been the leading market share holder in this area for the past several years. It was founded by Dietrich Mateschitz, an Austrian who studied world trade and commerce in Vienna. In 1982, Mateschitz came back to Austria from a visit to Thailand with some samples of an energy drink calledRead MoreRed Bull: Are You Ready for the Ride?2688 Words   |  11 PagesThe Anti-Brand Brand The image of Red Bull is open to interpretation. It is synonymous to a â€Å"bull in china shop† – it is not subtle and you are likely to break something, however, you will look cool doing it and become part of a sub-culture bordering on anti-establishment. This is the key to the â€Å"BUZZ† – there are no rules. Who doesn’t have a rebel inside wanting to get out, who wants to fly, jump, ski or escape from the mundane? Red Bull developed a safe way of escape through association: energyRead MoreRed Bull May Not ‘Give You Wings2028 Words   |  9 PagesRed Bull May Not ‘Give You Wings In todays world, the name Red Bull and the slogan Red Bull Gives You Wings has been inscribed into the minds of consumers around the globe. The popular energy drink, which seems to have sky-rocketed in US as well as world-wide sales is no miracle drug, although it does seem that way by the overflowing demand. Known to many as a coffee substitute, Red Bull is able to give its buyers that extra push or burst of energy to keep their day going due to its increasedRead MoreMarketing Activities by Redbull9424 Words   |  38 Pagesconsumer; we bring consumers to the product.† Red Bull Co-founder Dietrich Mateschitz Executive Summary This paper is an analytical look into the external and internal marketing activities conducted by Red Bull in the United Kingdom and in Thailand. Through comparing Red Bull’s position within these two nations we intend to define the differences in the marketing and branding strategy of the product within the European and Asian markets. Factors which will be studied include the differencesRead MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen working for hours, but sleep is hardly an option because we have a 6-page paper due. So what are our options? We can sit in front of the computer and inevitably fall into slumber with an incomplete paper, or we can crack open a can of good old Red Bull and power through the night to finish that English paper. Many college students would choose the latter and unfortunately inject some nasty chemicals into their bloodstreams to keep them awake. Energy drinks have many untested contents within theRead MoreRed Bull Marketi ng/Segementation/Pricing Essay examples3950 Words   |  16 Pagessegments for Red Bull and how are they positioned towards these target segments? 2. Analyse the Red Bull brand using any frameworks you judge appropriate. 3. Comment upon Red Bull’s pricing approach 4. Evaluate Red Bull’s distribution channel strategy 5. Would you describe Red Bull as a national, a European or a global brand – give reasons? 6, What marketing strategy would you recommend that Red Bull should adopt over the next 5 years? Who are the principal target segments for Red Bull and how

Understanding Piaget Theory And Information Processing Theory

The study of Cognitive theories has many different aspects that have been debated many years ago. Developmental psychologists try to explain cognitive development approaches which describe the process of human s thought. One of the developmental psychologist who studied on the area of cognitive was Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget a Swiss psychologist was the first developmental researcher who has extensive research on cognitive development. In addition, the revolution of Jean Piaget’s cognitive theory has changed the development psychology forever. In fact, although this theory is one of the most influential theories that have had a major impact on child’s cognitive development, many developmental psychologist has been criticized it as well(Miller,2007). Therefore, the limitations of this theory made the developmental psychologists thinking of information processing theory might complete Piaget’s Theory(Miller,2007). Information processing theory is another theory that was engaged in the era of cognitive development. It is possible to better understand Piaget theory and Information Processing theory by comparing several important aspects of developmental psychology: nature of humans, quantitative or qualitative, and nature or nurture. Piaget Cognitive Theory To begin with, Piaget’s cognitive theory has four stages. According to Miller,2011 she states that Piaget described each stage and referred them to the ability of human understanding. First stage is the sensorimotor stageShow MoreRelated Developmental Psychology Theoretical Approaches Essay761 Words   |  4 Pages Overview Four theoretical approaches to cognitive development Piaget’s theory Information processing theories Core knowledge theories Sociocultural theories (Vygotsky) General Themes Nature and nurture Continuity vs. discontinuity Active vs passive child Nurture (environment, learning) John Locke (1632-1704) –Infant’s mind as â€Å"tabula rasa† Behaviorism (e.g. Watson, Skinner) Nurture (environment, learning) A childs mind is a blankRead MoreTheories of Cognitive Development: an Insight to the Theories of Piaget, Information-Processing and Vygotsky1464 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Cognitive Development: An insight to the theories of Piaget, Information-processing and Vygotsky How do we learn? How do we grow? Over the years, psychologists have studied to great lengths the processes that humans go through as they progress from infancy to adulthood. Several theories have emerged over time with three prominent ones. Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky produced two important and distinct theories. Another important theory, the information-processing theory, presentsRead MoreThree Theories of Cognitive Development1674 Words   |  7 PagesThree Theories of Cognitive Development The Swiss psychologist and philosopher Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is well-known for his work towards the cognitive sciences. Arguably one of his most important contributions involves his theory of cognitive development. In this theory, thinking progresses through four distinct stages between infancy and adulthood. Similar in scope to Piaget’s theory is Information Processing, in which human thinking is based on both mental hardware and mental software (KailRead MoreEssay Kermit and Cognition1476 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Online Abstract Cognitive Information Processing (CIP), Cognitive Development and Interactional Development are theories of learning based upon the idea that learning is an internal process rather than merely something that can be observed like behaviorism. Here I examine the three theories as they relate to a scenario of a young man attempting to learn to play a keyboard. The objective is to show the similarities and differences in the three theories and how each can be applied to a givenRead MoreA Study on Cognitive Psychology650 Words   |  3 Pagesattention, perception, intelligence, problem-solving, decision-making, judgment, and language acquisition (Cherry, 2011). Among these several topics, the emphasis of cognitive psychology is human acquisition and processing of information, and the human minds ability to store and apply of information (Cherry, 2011). Cognitive psychology as a discipline arose in the period of time between 1950 and 1970 more or less as a result of scientific dissatisf action with behavioral psychology as a complete disciplineRead MoreEssay about Human Child Growth and Development693 Words   |  3 PagesOther theories and concerns include intelligence as a process (operations involved with thinking), and intelligence as information processing (how we manipulate information). While many psychologists have taken on the contemporary scientific consensus where no extreme view is currently justified, there are those whom believe different. Hereditarians use methods such as the IQ test to ask how much. Environmentalists on the other hand believe that ones mental abilities are learned. John Piaget theorizedRead More Cognitive Theories of Human Development Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesCognitive Theories of Human Development Jean Piaget, known as the most important theorist; started the most comprehensive theory of intellectual development. Piaget was born in 1896, in Neuchatel Switzerland, and lived a full and significant life, he passed away at age 84. His father was a medieval historian, and his mother was a homemaker; she was highly emotional and her behavior disrupted the normalcy of their home. Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, and they soon welcomed three girls;Read MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreTheoretical Perspectives Curriculum931 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Learning theories are used to develop curriculums that explain learning models used in education. These models help simplify education from the earliest stages of childhood through formal education. This paper will explore the learning theories and how they can be applied in developing a curriculum for learning and teaching language. The curriculum will include the epistemology, motivation, and methods of learning Cognitive Jean Piaget and John Dewey helped develop the theory of CognitiveRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only education

Training and Development Comfort Transportation Pte Ltd

Question: Discuss about theTraining and Developmentfor Comfort Transportation Pte Ltd. Answer: Introduction Technology has developed over the years facilitating interaction of people. It has aided in sharing of information on new business trends. Besides, it provides for opportunities to develop new ideas. However, it has posed a challenge of increased competition for traditional firms that either have to keep up or are completely put out of business. It is therefore up to these companies to come up new objectives that deal with their challenges. This paper explores the challenges faced by the taxi industry due to the use of taxi-hiring apps, proposes new goals and training programs to ensure their employees can work efficiently. Organizational Background The taxi industry has developed in the recent years by incorporating technology. Uber and GrabCar are apps that allow people to hire transport services. The companies using computer applications have a competitive advantage over the traditional taxi companies as they offer cheaper charges. Also, they allow users to share information on travelling route with family and friends for monitoring. For taxi drivers, the apps enable them to have flexible schedules, and self-management. Such technology has, therefore, posed challenges to taxi companies who face increased competition and high employee turnover. Comfort Transportation Pte Ltd is a corporation operating in the taxi industry, and like other taxi companies, Uber and GrabCar has increased its competition threat and employee turnover. Though it has loyal employees, the consistent reduction in earnings poses a challenge of high employee turnover in the future. Despite the challenges, transportation companies have a few strengths. They provide for the security of both the drivers and passengers and offer insurance benefits to its drivers. The company has to revise its goals to accommodate the changes in the business environment. Identification of Business Goals After studying the challenges facing the transport industry, the following are the proposed goals for Comfort Company; To develop an enterprise software application. This application will help bridge the gap that exists between it and Uber and GrabCar. To train employees how to use the new form. A new application in the company will require that the company conducts a training program to ensure that its employees can understand how to use it. To offer cheap and flexible transport charges. This will help attract more customers who are loyal to the company and increase their customer base. To minimise employee turnover. The challenges the company is facing has put it at the risk of facing high employee turnover. It should implement strategies that reduce future employee turnover. Meeting the above goals will help Comfort Ltd to increase its strengths compared to the rival applications. Developing software that operates like Uber will expand its customer base. It will also contribute to reducing turnover by providing a more secure job to its employees. Organizational Needs Analysis To achieve its set goals, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the organisational needs of Comfort Ltd. An organisational needs analysis involves examining a firms current conditions and its desired future position. It determines the gap by identifying shortcomings of the business structure (Sleezer Russ-Eft, 2007). It explores the strengths and weakness of a company as well as its opportunities and threats it faces. The SWOT analysis technique is the most appropriate. Comfort Ltd has a loyal employee base which is a strength and is met with threats such as future employee turnover and increased competition. The analysis determines the need for a training program to minimise or eliminate these weaknesses. After conducting structural analysis on Comfort Ltd, it is necessary for the companys members to have sufficient knowledge of the business environment and new trends, skills that ensure they are efficient and effective, and attitudes that accommodate the change to realise the firm's goals stated above. The management team should have adequate knowledge about the new application that is, how to operate it, advantages and disadvantages. They should possess analytical skills to identify possible failures of the software and the risks the firm faces should they occur. Subordinate staff, on the other hand, should understand the working of the application and acquire necessary skill to use it. The technical department should have adequate skills that detect troubleshooters in the software and have knowledge on how to solve the problems that may arise. They should be able to examine the nature of possible failures and design procedures on how to address them should they occur in future (Sleezer Russ-Eft, 2007) Having analysed the structure of Comfort Ltd, it is evident that the company has the right attitude to meet its goals. Besides, the management identifies the new challenges that the organisation faces and makes the necessary decisions and strategic plans to overcome these difficulties. However, since the proposed goals included the development of a new software program, it is important to equip all members with knowledge on the software and skills necessary to operate it. Also, it has provided the technical team with sufficient training. Task (Function) Analysis The proposed new goals of the firm introduce new and complex task to be undertaken hence the need to conduct a functional analysis. A job analysis examines how work gets accomplished. It gives detailed insight on both the manual and mental complexities of the activities, the duration of performance and the frequency of tasks (Ainsworth, 2009). Also, it provides a comparison between the job's demands and the capabilities of the operator to meet these requirements. Jobs in a firm can be divided into observable actions and tacit cognitive functions. Observables tasks include all those activities that can be physically measured while implicit cognitive functions describe activities that are mentally performed based on ones skills and experience. In the transport industry, the main tasks involved include administration, transportation, and maintenance. However, these tasks are further broken down to allow for division of labour and increase efficiency. In Comfort Ltd, these tasks have been allocated to different departments where they are further sub-divided to reduce the workload for each member. Most activities carried out at the company are physically measurable such as driving, accounting, and maintenance (Ainsworth, 2009). On the other hand, decision-making by managers is a tacit cognitive task. With the additional software management responsibility, the company will require acquiring a team that can sufficiently conduct implied cognitive, technical functions. Individual Learning Needs Analysis New goals and tasks proposed in the business have arisen the necessity of a training program. It is, therefore, necessary to analyse the learning requirements of every individual of the firm. An individual learning needs analysis explores the attitude, current levels of skill and knowledge of members of an organisation and anticipates gaps depending on tasks and required expertise (Huddlestone Pike, n.d.). This analysis helps to identify the learning provisions in a training program. Identification of Intended Learning Outcomes Comfort Ltd will require addressing the expertise gap that arises when it incorporates sophisticated software to its structure. Its employees will need training on how to operate the application. This training will be based on how best an individual can work an electronic device. More emphasis should be paid to the computer illiterate as they have a wider expertise gap. Understanding individual, task, and organisational needs help design an appropriate program that has all the necessary provisions to facilitate training. After conducting a training program, productivity and efficiency are expected to improve. A training program at Comfort Ltd may result in higher computer literacy and expertise, increased efficiency and productivity as well as employee confidence and motivation (Huddlestone Pike, n.d.). Conclusion In conclusion, technology had adverse effects on traditional transport companies. It has facilitated an increase in competition and employee turnover. However, Comfort Ltd may review its goals and objectives to accommodate the changes in the business environment. Incorporating technology in its structure will necessitate an overall structural analysis and provide a training program for its employees so as to perform new tasks to be included. References Ainsworth, L. (2009). A Task Analysis of the Task Analysis Process. HFES Ann Conf Proc,53(24), 1835-1838. Bagale, S. (2015). Technical Education and Vocational Training for Sustainable Development.Journal Of Training And Development, 1(0). Deb, T. (2009). Managing human resources industrial relations. New Delhi: Excel Books. Huddlestone, J. Pike, J. Team and collective training needs analysis. Mondy, R., Noe, R., Gowan, M. (2005). Human resource management. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Noe, R. (2007). Fundamentals of human resource management. Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Piskurich, G. (2009). Rapid training development. San Francisco: Pfeiffer. Sleezer, C. Russ-Eft, D. (2007). A Practical Guide to Needs Assessment, 2nd Edition. JohnWiley Sons. Torrington, D., Hall, L., Taylor, S. (2008). Human resource management. Harlow: FinancialTimes Prentice Hall. Training development. (2006). Hobart, Tas.

Australian and Ireland Health Care System

Question: Discuss about the Australian and Ireland Health Care System. Answer: Introduction Health care is one of the basic and central factors of consideration of any state. The 21st century is being affected directly or indirectly by a lot of deadly diseases such as cancer, heart related complications, kidney failure and HIV and AIDS pandemic. It is therefore, the responsibility of government and the United Nations to help in safeguarding the health of the corresponding nations. In this piece of work, the paper will focus on the Australian and Ireland health care system. A comparison of the two healthcare systems will be analyzed critically. Australia is located in Continental Australasia or Oceania while Ireland is in Continental Europe. These two countries fall under top ten in the best health care providers in the world (Hungerford et al, 2014). The paper will majorly dwell on the health policies, current issues, and problems faced in the delivery of services in the two nations. Moreover, comparisons and the contrast as per the health care country will also be explaine d in an explicit way in the paper. Health policies The two countries have the guarding regulations in the running of their health care. In both countries, the government majorly controls health care. In Australia, it is supervised by Australian Department for Health and Ageing (DNH) (Australia, 2006).It was formed through the Acts of Parliament in order to aid in giving the government the way things run or suggestions on what ought to be done in order to improve health care system in the country. This body was formed and implemented in the year 1984. After its implementation, the health sector in the country radically improved in both the public and the private sector. On the other hand, the government also facilitates Medicare in Ireland. It is the role of the Health Service Providers (HSP) of this nation to foresee the functionalism of the health sector and inform the government accordingly. It was founded in the year 2005 through the Act of Parliament (Lakeman, 2008) The formation was as a result of problems which had outlawed the government and thus the need for a special body was of great magnificent. In both the countries, Red Cross Society helps in delivery of blood in case an emergency arises (BRAITHWAITE, HYDE POPE, 2010). The Mandate of the Bodies Overseeing Healthcare The main reasons behind the two states taking over the responsibility of providing and running of the health care fraternity was to prevent its citizens from over-exploitation from the private health care providers. Apart from that, the government realized that the need for provision of quality health care depends solely on their capability. Moreover, the challenges brought about by the rising cases of chronic diseases such as cancer was looming and thus the need to act swiftly was required. Australia and Ireland also wanted to be like other nations whom the role of running health care fraternity was the responsibility of the government. In both the nations, legal and ethical health care of the ageing population is involuntary. The old people have the right to whether accept to be taken to nursing home to spend the rest days of their lives or to remain at home. One realizes that, in both countries, the old people do not welcome the idea of being raised in nursing home. Most would like to spend their dying age at home since they feel comfortable because it is the place they have always been. According to statistics carried out, most feel that they are isolated by their children and the society when taken to nursing homes. Besides, women were found as the ones who preferred to be in nursing home as compared to their counterparts the male. It is estimated that 5% of the population in ageing stage live in nursing homes prior to their death. The retention and use of human biological contents in both countries is considered. This biological sample such has kidneys of the diseased or heart or even the entire body is allowed by their respective countries to be used as control experiments for testing of drugs among other medical tests. Despite of it being constituted, it is faced with a lot of ethical challenges. It is countenanced by the wider competing public interest as a result of its potential value. Human body parts are very expensive and rarely found and thus the relatives and the public take this as an opportunity to get back into the government financially. Additionally, some people are very religious to an extent that they believe in respect for the death. This makes them not to allow any body part of their deceased to be used in biological process. This has raised a lot of alarm and slowed down the medical research. Both countries have a constituted mental health law. According to this regulation, the persons of unsound mind are subject to detention in safe places in order to avoid causing of problems in the society in the event where the disease takes control of their capability. It is recommended that they are taken good care by the medical expertise during such times. It is also required that the predicament should be quite serious before one is taken to the hospital for the unsound. This is because in the case whereby one is subjected to that treatment and the problem is not that complicated the probability of committing suicide or being depressed is inevitable. It was also documented that before one is confined, the history of persistence in the disorder is provided. People who show that the unsound person had continuously shown the signs and symptoms are put into consideration since the evidence shows that one will be completely sick. In addition to that, the insane person is also given th e voice to talk on whether to be detained or not. It should be a voluntary decision especially for persons of maturity age and those who used to live a normal life in the past. Both nations are strict on how these groups of people are handled by the medical personnel (Mckenna, Keeney Hasson, 2008). Patients autonomy policy is also a regulation governing the medical fraternity in both states. The patients have the ability to state that they want to be treated by whom, and the mode of treatment they should receive. They also have the freedom of engaging with the health care provider in relation to their health problem and on a wider range of issues. The patient also chooses which medication to be given and no medical personnel can force or compel a patient to take medications in which one does not want. The ill person can also dictate on the place one want to be treated from. This can be at home, school or place of work and the doctor has to follow without complaining and failing to do so; medical provider is subject to imprisonment. This is because it is seen as breaking the law (GALLEGO, CASEY, NORMAN GOODALL, 2010) Permissibility of death is also discussed at length in the health constitution of these countries. A person who does not show any sign of recovering and is sufferi ng too much can be suppressed to die by the medics. This is only done in the event where the relatives agreed upon it and show it in writing and signing. This clause has received a lot of debate from humanitarian agents since life is very fundamental. According to Jones (2007), one should be allowed to die in peace instead of injecting drugs to discontinue life. Approach to Reproductive Health Maternal Health Reproductive health and maternal health care also caries lot of weight in the health policy of the two nations. Mothers and girls have the privilege to deliver in hospitals of their choice. The parties involved should be specialized in order to avoid a complication, which comes with delivering. Both countries provide these services free of charge to all in any of its public hospitals. However, in the private sector, they subsidize this service in order to reach all at a cheaper and comfortable way. Another big concern is on the abortion-related matters (Milgrom, Heaton Timothy Newton, 2013). The doctors have the mandate to perform abortion to the client given the state of the mother and the fetus is in danger. This faces serious ethical and legal concerns from humanitarian organizations. This is because most people believe that doctors have reached an extent of performing such for client of unwanted pregnancies brought about by unscrupulous behavior. Their respective governments are mandated with the task of financing the medical fraternity of Australia and Ireland. In Australia for instance, it is estimated that 1.5% of income levied from both Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and National Domestic Product (NDP) of the country is used in financing the health sector (Mckenna, Keeney Hasson, 2009). The government of this country also has separate pharmaceuticals, which are state owned. This assists its citizens in purchasing of drugs at a cheaper price. However, in the point of excess the patient pays own medications unless one is privileged to have medical insurance. Similarly, the government of Ireland also provides health care free to its citizens. It is estimated that health care is financed through taxation of 2% of wages received by the working population. This money is used to improve health facilities and for purchasing of drugs used in treating patients in the hospitals. Furthermore, a patient pays for ones medication on poin t of excesses unless one has medical insurance. Children and dependent spouses receive medication free of charge in all hospitals. Australian and Irelands are provided medical care universally by their respective governments without discrimination on social class and so on (Embrett, Randall, Longo, Nguyen Mulvale, 2016) Current issues in health delivery Cost of technology is one of the major current issues affecting the health fraternity in both countries. The innovation of machines such has x-rays, chemotherapy equipment, and kidney dialysis machines have caused more than enough problems in the medical fraternity. These machines are subject to breakage, the manner of using is also very complicated since most doctors, and nurses capacity of using is still below the estimated quality. This has made these nations to spend too much in changing and training of medics on how to use the so equipment. Another current issue affecting this nations healthcare is equity for health provision countrywide. Despite of these being implemented countrywide, it is noted that only those people of high class such has politicians have the privilege to access quality health care. According to research carried out in one of the hospitals in Ireland, it was realized that there is a special ward, which is used in treating of dignitaries and those people who are wealth. Moreover, the way they are handled is special as compared to ordinary citizens. These menaces need an immediate address otherwise; the entire health sector will soon diminish (Kowalchuk, 2011). The pandemic brought about by chronic diseases is also seriously eating on the government. This has majorly being as a result of change in demography. The working population is bound to contract chronic disease and thus the spending on medical care on the government and the dependent population escalates. This leads to much spending on unprofitable ventures and in return the concentration on nation building matters are left in the hand of international donors such world bank (RIPPON, 2000). The degree on persistence on quality and safety concerns in the health sector is looming in both countries. This is as a result of serious reparations a nation is bound to face in case one fails to provide quality health care as required by World Health Organization (WHO) (Metcalf et al, 2016). This has caused immense struggle among them in order to meet these standards. This in the long run paralyses other important sectors of the economy and pulls back the economy of a nation. Besides, the cost of providing health increases day by day (MOHRMAN SHANI, 2010). This is attributed to continuous change in climatic conditions making most people to be vulnerable to diseases. This causes a massive expenditure by the government and their citizens. The problem emanating from uncertainties on how to balance between public and private health care fraternities is strongly hitting on the government. Most private investors more so the doctors have realized that health fraternity is very profitabl e. This has caused majority of them to compete with the government in this field. Some have even left their jobs in public sector to run their own business (MITCHELL, 2009). This has caused a big gap which is needed to be filled as soon as possible otherwise the tyranny of health care will fail the sooner. Governments from the two countries experiences big problems while trying to bring about balance in these two sectors providing health (VAN, CLARKE, SAVAGE E HALL, 2008). Primary health According to Varley (2016), primary health is defined as health provided at the grass root level. It is provided by different groups both qualified or unqualified health providers. The similarity between the two nations is that both of them have this method of running health care facility in place. It is majorly provided at home or a region where a large population is concentrated. The parties involved are the government, private and non-governmental organizations. Their main agenda is to deal with factors such has drug abuse, asthma, and cancer and sex educations. This is because a person needs holistic health, social welfare, and educational needs (VAN, CLARKE, SAVAGE HALL, 2008) The difference in primary care between Australia and Ireland in that, Ireland is specific on the geographical location a number to be administered by a certain group of health personnel. It is estimated that they should deal with a population ranging 7000 to 10,000. On the other hand, Australian bases on the communities or social sites without any specific number of persons being targeted. Universal health care In both the countries, health care is provided equally to all citizens free of charge. Every citizen is subjected to be treated in any public hospital where one specifies without a big deal. In this universal health, the government finances through taxes from the wages and incomes of the working population (Liamputtong, 2011). The patient pays the excess amount required in medical care or the insurance if at all one has subscribed to any. This distinctive feature between these two countries as far as universal health care is concerned is that, in Australia, the government owns pharmaceuticals outlet, which are used by the common citizens to buy drugs (McMurray Clendon, 2014). This was intended to prevent overexploitation since majority of private organizations sell at a high price, which is not affordable to the common citizen. On the other hand, the Ireland government does not have such projects and thus their citizens solely depends the private sectors. Impacts of delivery of services The living standards of majority of citizens of these nations have been constantly doing well and have improved tremendously. This is because when one is healthy, everything sounds good and even morale of working or doing business is negotiable. However, according to international reports health care in Australia is far much better than that of Ireland (Guzys Petrie, 2013). This is because the dedication extends of Australian medics is of high magnitude as compared to Ireland. Conclusion Health care is paramount to all citizens. It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that their citizens have quality health care in order to counter on the challenges brought by disease pandemic. Moreover, the nations should work together in helping structure health care across the eight world continents in order to reduce human suffering caused by diseases. References Australia. (2006). Aged care in Australia. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Health and Ageing. Biswas, R., Sturmberg, J., Martin, C. M., Ganesh, A. U. J., Umakanth, S. U. J., Lee, E. W. H. (January 01, 2011). Persistent Clinical Encounters in User Driven E-Health Care. Braithwaite, J., Hyde, P., POPE, C. (2010).Culture and climate in health care organizations. Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=578807. Embrett, M. G., Randall, G. E., Longo, C. J., Nguyen, T., Mulvale, G. (2016). Effectiveness of Health System Services and Programs for Youth to Adult Transitions in Mental Health Care: A Systematic Review of Academic Literature. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research.43, 259-269. Gallego G, Casey R, NORMAN R, GOODALL S. (2011). Introduction and uptake of new medical technologies in the Australian health care system: a qualitative study.Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands).102, 2-3. Guzys, D., Petrie, E. (2013). An Introduction to Community and Primary Health Care in Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hungerford, C., Hodgson, D., Clancy, R., Monisse-Redman, M., Bostwick, R., Jones, T. (2014). Mental health care: An introduction for health professionals in Australia. Jones, D. A., Roy, C. (2007). Nursing knowledge development and clinical practice. New York: Springer Pub. Co. Kowalchuk, L. (2011). Multisectoral Movement Alliances and Media Access: Salvadoran Newspaper Coverage of the Health Care Struggle. Latin American Politics and Society. 52, 107-135. Lakeman, R. (2008). Family and carer participation in mental health care: perspectives of consumers and carers in hospital and home care settings. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 15, 203-211. Liamputtong, P. (November 03, 2011). Folk healing and health care practices in Britain and Ireland: Stethoscopes, wands and crystals. Sociology of Health Illness, 33, 7, 1114-1115. McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2014). Community health and wellness: Primary health care in practice. Mckenna, H., Keeney, S., Hasson, F. (2009). Health care managers perspectives on new nursing and midwifery roles: perceived impact on patient care and cost effectiveness. Journal of Nursing Management. 17, 627-635. Milgrom, ,. P., Heaton, L. J., Timothy Newton, J. (2013). Different Treatment Approaches in Different Cultures and Health-Care Systems. 183-199. Mitchell, P. (2009). Mental health care roles of non-medical primary health and social care services.Health Social Care in the Community.17, 71-82. Metcalf, D., Parsons, D., Bowler, P. (March 02, 2016). A next-generation antimicrobial wound dressing: a real-life clinical evaluation in the UK and Ireland. Journal of Wound Care, 25, 3, 132-138. Mohrman, S. A., Shani, A. B. (2012). Organizing for sustainable health care. Bingley, U.K., Emerald. https://site.ebrary.com/id/10589740. Rippon, T. J. (2000). Aggression and violence in health care professions. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 31, 452-460. SoDerbaCk, M., Coyne, I., Harder, M. (2011). The importance of including both a child perspective and the child's perspective within health care settings to provide truly child-centred care.Journal of Child Health Care.15, 99-106. Van Doorslaer E, Clarke P, Savage E, Hall J. (2008). Horizontal inequities in Australia's mixed public/private health care system.Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands).86, 97-108. Varley, E. (June 01, 2016). Abandonments, Solidarities and Logics of Care: Hospitals as Sites of Sectarian Conflict in Gilgit-Baltistan. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry : an International Journal of Cross-Cultural Healthresearch, 40, 2, 159-180.

Compare Ideas and Images in the Six Metaphysical Love Poems Essay Example

Compare Ideas and Images in the Six Metaphysical Love Poems Essay Noted for their tendency toward psychological analysis of the emotions, metaphysical poetry offers an extensive range of love poems. The ideas and imagery contained within these poems are habitually written in the form of an extended metaphor, often to support a passionate argument from the poet either with himself, God or, in this case, a lover. Alongside such metaphors, the poets in question also favoured the use of conceits (outrageous puns used to sustain an argument). I hope to pay particular attention to these witty analogies throughout this piece. Despite the brief and concentrated subject matter for each individual poem, the contemporaries of the seventeenth century intended to shock a great majority of the public and their critics with their unconventional rough verse and strained imagery.The six love poems included in this comparison were written by two of the most distinguished metaphysical poets of their time. Andrew Marvell, the son of a vicar, was a Member of Parliament for Hull alongside his position as a successful, yet controversial poet. His poems are: To His Coy Mistress, The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers and The Fair Singer. John Donne converted from Catholicism to Protestantism at an early age. This contentious attitude is also mirrored in his poetry, where customary convention is forgotten. His poems are: The Sun Rising, Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed and The Flea. Many themes are common throughout all six of the above, and I hope to explore a select few below.The presence of a beautiful female, lusted after by the poet is prominent in each poem. With the eventual intention, in most cases, of bedding this female in mind, the use of flattery is clearly evident. In To His Coy Mistress, Marvell suggests that at this present time, her youthful attractiveness is potent enough to fulfil his every desire:the youthful hueSits on thy skin like morning dew,Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed is similar to To His Coy Mistress i n that both poets are prepared to say or do anything in order to achieve their aim. In this example, Donne attempts to charm his beloved by explaining that as appealing as her clothes are, they conceal a far more beauteous state. The same poet expresses further flattery in The Sun Rising. However, unlike previous examples, it appears that his undue compliments are a boasting of his great conquest rather than a desperate attempt to convince the girl to bow to his wishes:If her eyes have not blinded thine,Further adulation without lascivious intentions is obvious throughout Marvells The Fair Singer. In this instance, the poet is not speaking directly to his lover, but to himself or perhaps the reader. His flattery implies adoration for the girl, as if resistance is futile. This is surprising, as it is unlike the metaphysical poets to accept defeat so readily to a womans omnipotence. Yet Andrew Marvell also struggled to rebuff his feelings for the subject of The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers, as he paid tribute to her beauty:This darling of the Gods..On many an occasion, flattery failed to impress the poets female oppressor into bed. Subsequently, numerous forms of persuasion are utilised instead. Many of these form the basis of the extended metaphor for the poem. One such example is Donnes flea analogy. A trivial fleabite incurred by himself and his mistress initiates his somewhat elaborate argument in which he illustrates the supposed insignificance of the loss of virginity. The poet trivialises the matter by explaining how their blood, resting in the gut of the flea, is consequently mingled together, no more so than during the act of sexual intercourse. However, in Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed, Donne differs his argument. He is more assertive and appears to command the woman to remove her clothes. Yet, as the poem draws to a close, he makes use of another persuasive attribute, reassurance:To teach thee, I am naked first; why thenWhat n eedst thou have more covering than a man.Donne is saying that she need not worry or be anxious about appearing naked in front of her, for he will cover her body. On the other hand, in To His Coy Mistress, Marvell adopts the same analogical approach as The Flea. He endeavours to exploit his beloveds naivety by means of assuring her that if time were on their side, he would not hesitate to delay the consummation of their relationship until such a time when she desired. However, the poet soon startles the girl as his argument becomes more nefarious. He declares that if she were to die early, only worms would remain to take her virginity as she would be buried underground:then worms shall tryThat long preserved virginity,This form of persuasion is possibly the most contemptible of all.Another common theme that runs through these poems, and which would be frowned upon today, is that of referring to the woman as territory or land which must be conquered. Consequently, the lady in question is often labelled an enemy, and military imagery is commonplace. In The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers, Marvell assumes that when the young girl matures, she will fend off the advances of men and become their enemy. He even goes as far as to compare a mans downfall to this girl to his ensign becoming torn in battle. In the quote below, the poet implies that only sycophantic behaviour will overcome her:Happy, who canAppease this virtuous enemy of man!However, in The Fair Singer, the poet explains how he can not escape from the woman. Although this supports the premonition from The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers in that girls mature into the enemy of man, in this case it appears that the poet is under the control of the lover. He argues that she has such great attractiveness, he can not dominate her:It had been easy fighting in some plain,Where victory might hang in equal choice,But all resistance against her is vain,This could imply that waging war on the battlefield would be simpler than attempting not to yield to the girl, or it may suggest that he could effortlessly resist a woman of lesser beauty. Further reference to territory appears in The Sun Rising. Donnes poem is similar to The Fair Singer in that he hyperbolises the importance of conquering his beloved. He suggests that she is worthy of all states and territory placed together, and that he is comparatively insignificant:She is all States, and all Princes, INothing else is.Alongside the theme of territorial attitudes, the metaphysical poets also appear entirely possessive. In Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed, Donne envisions his delight at discovering new-found-land before listing its resources as belonging to him:My mine of precious stones, my empery,The poet also states that as the area belongs to him, he should guard it from others. It appears that men at the time were involved in one ongoing contest to seek out the most girls, and to shelter them from others f or the longest period of time.Religion played a great part in the seventeenth century society. In fact, as I have said, Andrew Marvell and John Donne were both brought up as devout Christians. It is surprising, however, for a number of the poems to refer so clearly to religious conceptions, when many are centered around lust; one of the seven deadly sins. For example, in The Flea, Donne convinces his mistress that their love is genuine and holy by labelling the animal (in which their blood is mingled) a marriage temple. The same poet refers to this image again in Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed. Donne reassures his mistress that his bed is not a site of corruption, but sacred and comforting. This would have been an effective method of persuading the girl into bed, as was discussed in an earlier paragraph:In this loves hallowd temple, this soft bed!However, within a few lines, the religious imagery is no longer sanctified. Donne compares his mistress to an angel, but not because of her purity and innocence, but because she is an object of desire. The reference to angels causing flesh to stand on end would have outraged the church at the time and it appears was deliberately controversial. The Picture Of little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers by Andrew Marvell, may also have caused offence as the poet elevated the girl to the position commonly associated with Eve. He imagines her to give names, colours and smells to the flowers:tamesThe wilder flowers, and gives them names:It seems that the metaphysical poets targeted the church as one of their chief critics, however, in some circumstances, the biblical references are merely present to add support to an argument. For example, in To His Coy Mistress, Marvell uses religion to emphasise his argument that it would not matter how long his beloved took to succumb to him, if time were on their side:I wouldLove you ten years before the Flood,The mention of the flood implies that the poet would be willing to love her fr om the beginning of time right through until the point they make love and beyond.The sun controls time. Subsequently a number of the poems welcome this, whilst others do not. In The Sun rising, the poet reprimands the sun for disturbing them so early. He does not wish for time to advance, for he is so in love and wishes the moment would never end. He feels that time has become inappropriate, therefore. On the other hand, time is critical in To His Coy Mistress. Marvell argues that they should sleep together before time runs out. Life is too short for coyness. There is also a mention of the sun, as the poet states that instead of halting time, they should make the most of it:Thus, though we cannot make our sunStand still, yet we will make him run.These poems are similar in that both subjects wish for time to stand still, however, as this is not possible, they should use their precious time together to the maximum advantage.The Fair Singer utilises the sun further:all my forces needs must be undone,She having gained both the wind and sun.The poet implies that the sun, along with the wind, is the most powerful force in existence. He compares his beloveds eyes and voice to these two, as she has complete power over him. She has, in essence, eclipsed his world. Unlike the two poems above, in this instance the sun is assisting the couple as it draws the man towards the woman so as he can yield to her and prevent her from taking over all his thoughts. The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers envisions the object of the poets admiration to grow into a resplendent young women. Therefore time is not hindering, but progressing. Yet the poet also feels that as time moves on, the girl will break the hearts of many young suitors. In this context, time is hurtful. The poet conveys his belief, by expressing his remorse that the girl will not remain innocent forever:Reform the errors of the spring;But most procureThat violets may a longer age endure.The poet is decla ring that he wishes her youth would sustain itself over a longer period of time. He makes use of an interesting conceit here, as innocence is in the form of a flower and nature as a whole.On a darker note, the motif of death is utilised to support many an argument. In To His Coy Mistress the poet attempts to startle the girl by forcing her to imagine a scenario where she has passed away a virgin. Death, in this case, is an intensely intimidating form of persuasion. An additional example of a powerful argument entailing death occurs in The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers:Lest Flora angry at thy crime,To kill her infants in their prime,Here, the poet is saying that once the youthful innocence of young girls is lost, their beauty disappears. Marvell implies that to remove this innocence at an early age would be to kill them, as they no longer appear attractive. In The Fair Singer, Marvell describes the woman as fatal. He also adds that he will believe this until the day he dies. This enables us to imagine the feeling of control he considers himself to be under. These poems all portray death as a formidable and frightening force. However, in The Flea, Donnes argument is entirely different. Once the woman kills the flea, she believes that his argument concerning their compounded blood has been crushed. Yet Donne states that to sleep with him would be as insignificant as the deed she has just performed. Not only does Donne trivialise the death of the flea, he attempts to lower the importance of copulation:Just so much honour, when thou yieldst to meWill waste, as this fleas death took life from thee.The value of love and intercourse is also varied from poem to poem. A selection devalue both and appear crude to a reader. However, a number do not. The Flea is possibly the most notable example of how love and intercourse are depreciated. The argument is extreme and possibly humorous. The comparison of such a consequential event to that of a deceased fle a is desperate and shows no sign of genuine care and love. Similarly, Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed is strongly argued. However, once again, the imagery used by Marvell is not from the heart, but from the loins:Your gown going off such beauteous state revealsOn the other hand, the same poet expresses his delight in The Fair Singer that love composed so sweet an enemy. This is in direct contrast to Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed, as he makes no reference to bedding the woman immediately. This implies that their relationship is not based on lust. Donne also offers a contrasting approach in his poem The Sun Rising. He is besotted by the girl and wants to spend as much time as possible with her. He will not close his eyes even to block out the obtrusive sun:I could eclipse and cloud them with a wink,But that I would not lose her sight so long:It can be said that this is a faà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ade, and that Donne is behaving in this way because he has received from his beloved what h e wanted. If this were to be the case, the value of love would have been diminished more so than any of the previous examples. In To His Coy Mistress, Marvell provides an example of such a scene. He says that he would be prepared to wait an eternity for his mistress to sleep with him, if only there was more time. The poet regards the act of sleeping with a woman as something which simply must be done and in the fastest possible time. Like Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed and The Flea, the man cares not for the moral value of such an occurrence.In addition, The Picture Of Little T.C. In A Prospect Of Flowers is a poignant longing on behalf of the poet for the girl to mature to an age which would be acceptable for him to court. However, he is worried that she will become cold towards men. He is not anxious she will refuse his love, but worried she will not sleep with him. By considering this, Marvell has already removed her innocence, in a way. The reference to the loss of innocenc e as a death proves that the poet does not believe a romance can exist after they sleep together. Love in particular is considered unimportant as far as many of these poems go.I believe that in the previous paragraph I have somewhat expressed my personal opinion on the nature of these six metaphysical poems. To His Coy Mistress and Elegy: On His Mistress Going To Bed are not, I believe, worthy of the heading love poems for they are centred around lust on behalf of the poet. There is no evidence of love. These two examples are also relatively simple, there is no mystery surrounding either what the poet desires or why.The Fair Singer and The Sun Rising are my two preferred pieces. In both, the poet is not speaking to his mistress but reminiscing about her. The imagery in this circumstance is far more effective and helps to paint a greater picture of the couples relationship. Despite this difference, I was surprised at the consistency of the common themes throughout all six poems. This helped me to imagine a seventeenth century society where social morals did not appear to play a grand part in the male seduction techniques, in particular those of the contemporary metaphysical poets.

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At level one the consumer may create a set of possible solutions to their needs (i.e., product types) while at level two the consumer may be evaluating particular products (i.e., brands) within each solution. For example, a consumer who needs to replace a television has multiple solutions to choose from such as plasma, LCD and CRT television. 4. Purchase In many cases the solution chosen by the consumer is the same as the product whose evaluation is the highest. However, this may change when it is actually time to make the purchase. The â€Å"intended† purchase may be altered at the time of purchase for many reasons such as: the product is out-of-stock, a competitor offers an incentive at the point-of-purchase (e.g., store salesperson mentions a competitors offer), the customer lacks the necessary funds (e.g., credit card not working), or members of the consumers reference group take a negative view of the purchase (e.g., friend is critical of purchase). 5. After-Purchase Evaluation Once the consumer has made the purchase they are faced with an evaluation of the decision. If the product performs below the consumers expectation then he/she will re-evaluate satisfaction with the decision, which at its extreme may result in the consumer returning the product while in less extreme situations the consumer will retain the purchased item but may take a negative view of the product. Such evaluations are more likely to occur in cases of expensive or highly important purchases. To help ease the concerns consumers have with their purchase evaluation, marketers need to be receptive and even encourage consumer contact. Customer service centers and follow-up market research are useful tools in helping to address purchasers concerns. TYPES OF CONSUMER PURCHASE BEHAVIOR Consumers are faced with purchase decisions nearly every day. But not all decisions are treated the same. Some decisions are more complex than others and thus require more effort by the consumer. Other decisions are fairly routine and require little effort. In general, consumers face four types of purchase decisions: * Minor New Purchase these purchases represent something new to a consumer but in the customers mind is not a very important purchase in terms of need, money or other reason (e.g., status within a group). * Minor Re-Purchase these are the most routine of all purchases and often the consumer returns to purchase the same product without giving much thought to other product options (i.e., consumer is brand loyalty). * Major New Purchase these purchases are the most difficult of all purchases because the product being purchased is important to the consumer but the consumer has little or no previous experience making these decisions. The consumers lack of confidence in making this type of decision often (but not always) requires the consumer to engage in an extensive decision-making process.. * Major Re-Purchase these purchase decisions are also important to the consumer but the consumer feels confident in making these decisions since they have previous experience purchasing the product. For marketers it is important to understand how consumers treat the purchase decisions they face. If a company is targeting customers who feel a purchase decision is difficult (i.e., Major New Purchase), their marketing strategy may vary greatly from a company targeting customers who view the purchase decision as routine. In fact, the same company may face both situations at the same time; for some the product is new, while other customers see the purchase as routine. The implication of buying behavior for marketers is that different buying situations require different marketing efforts Consumer Buying Decision Process â€Å"Nothing is more difficult and therefore, more precious, than to be able to decide is quoted to be the words of Napoleon. This is amply true in the case of consumer too. It is for this reason that the marketers are bound to have a full knowledge of the consumer buying decision process. However it should be remembered that the actual act of purchasing is only one stage in the process and the process is initiated at the several stages prior to the actual purchase. Secondly even though we find that purchase is one of the final links in the chain of process, not all decision processes lead to purchase. The individual consumer may terminate the process during any stage. Finally not all consumer decisions always include all stages. Persons engaged in extensive decision making usually employ all stages of this decision process. Where as those engaged in limited decisions making and routine response behaviour may omit some stages. The consumer decision process is composed of two parts, the process itself and the factors affecting the process. SURVEY BY THE MARKETING TEAM A survey conducted by the marketing team of shoppers stop Ltd. Reveals the psychography of the modern shopper. Acordingly the survey classifies customers in to the four segments namely * Convenience Shoppers * Value Shoppers * Image Shoppers * Experience Shoppers Convenience shoppers for instance ,are people who consume relatively less amount of time while shopping. Also they look out for the width and depth of the range they purchase and conduct their annual shopping at one shot. Value Shoppers always hunt for value for money ; Prefer quality reassurance and benchmark offerings among other related attributes. Image Shoppers are fashion- conscious and look out for the latest trends and labels. On the other hand , Experience Shoppers are attentive and prefer personalized services look out for the right ambience, prefer giving personal advice on clothing at the time of purchase , and prefer not to buy at one sold. ECONOMIC FACTOR AFFECT THE BUYERS BEHAVIOUR 1.Disposal personal income : The economists made attempts to establish a relationship between income and spending. Disposal personal income represents potential purchasing power that a buyer has. The change in income has a direct relation on buying habits. 2.Size of family income : The size of family and size of family income affect the spending and saving patterns. Generally large family spend more and short family spend less, in comparison. 3. Income expectations : The expected income to receive in future has a direct relation with the buying behaviour. The expectation of higher or lower income has a direct effect on spending plans. 4.Propensity to consume and to save : This goes to the habit of spending or saving with the disposal income of buyers. If the buyers give importance to present needs, then they dispose of their income. And buyers spend less if they give importance to future needs. 5. Liquidity of Fund : The present buying plans are influenced greatly by liquidity of assets i.e., cash and assets readily convertible into cash, eg bonds, bank balances etc., 6. Consumer Credit : â€Å" Buy now and pay later† plays its role effectively in the rapid growth of markets for car, scooter, radio, furniture and the like. Economic model suggests behavioural hypothsis : * Lower the price of the product, higher the sales. * Lower the price of substitute products, lower the sales of this product * Higher the real income, higher the sales of the product. * Higher the promotional expenses, higher the sales. Internal influences of buyers * psychographics (lifestyle), * personality, motivation, knowledge, * attitudes, * beliefs, and * feelings. * demographics, consumer behaviour concern with consumer need consumer actions in the direction of satisfing needs leads to his behaviour behaviour of every individuals depend on thinking process. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES OF BUYERS * culture, * sub-culture, * Locality, * royalty, * ethnicity, * family, * social class, * reference groups, * lifestyle, and * market mix factors.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry :: essays research papers

The Satire of Slavery   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'There it is: it doesn't make any difference who we are or what we are, there's always somebody to look down on! Somebody to hold in light esteem, somebody to be indifferent about.'; Mark Twain (1835–1910), U.S. author. 'Three Thousand Years Among the Microbes,'; ch. 15 (written 1905; published in Which Was the Dream? ed. by John S. Tuckey, 1967). This quote says that people will always feel superior to some one different. The reason for this is that it makes people feel important and better about themselves. Slavery derived from this belief in superiority. Mark Twain, author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn uses satire as a literary technique to present his ideals on slavery within his period of time. Satire is a method of taking a serious issue and representing it in a humorous way. The Author uses Huck's relationship with Jim, societies attitude towards Jim during their travel up the Mississippi River, and the use of racist terminology throughout the novel. Mark Twain's use of satire in the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn enables the reader to better understand his message of slavery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, Huck's relationship with Jim shows the authors views on slavery. Huck was taught at home and in school that slavery was a part of the natural order. He never found anything wrong with the way slaves were treated. In the beginning of Huck and Jim's journey Huck treats Jim in a prejudice manor (according to our standards) in the way that Jim is different from him. 'When we was ready to shove off we was a quarter of a mile below the island, and it was pretty broad day; so I made Jim Lay down in the canoe and cover up with a quilt, because if he set up people could tell he was a nigger a good ways off'; (Twain 58). This shows that Huck incorrectly assumes that people can spot a black person from far away. At this point he still holds the belief that blacks are different from whites. Through their travels up the river Huck begins to realize how good of a friend Jim is and that Jim is not inferior to Him. After the event with the King and the Duke with the Wilks, Huck is glad to see Jim 'Of course when they got to snoring we had a long gabble, and I told Jim everything'; (Twain 188).

Maple Lodge Farms

Studying the Relevance of Larry Greiner’s Developmental Phases to the Future Stability of Maple Lodge Farms Maple Lodge Farms, a family-owned business awarded the prestige of being one of Canada’s 50 best managed companies, has attained success by employing a number of strategic organizational practices. Since the inception of Maple Lodge Farms, the founders’ commitment to providing various Canadian households with the highest quality chicken products has allowed it to become one of Canada’s leading poultry companies.Initially, the business owners’ main priority was to launch Maple Lodge Farms as a highly recognizable brand capable of sustaining a loyal customer base. This goal was largely achieved through a variety of measures the founders implemented throughout the organization’s existence. Recently, a few of the methods used to promote Maple Lodge Farms consist of using an integrated organizational structure, ensuring the safety of the pro ducts through technological innovations and limiting the company’s environmental imprint on society.In this research paper, I intend to analyze the current transitional stage of Maple Lodge Farms in Larry Greiner’s terms, evaluate the success of the organization’s human resources strategy – relating it to Larry Greiner’s developmental phases – and offer potential suggestions to boost its future growth. For the purpose of this analysis, a discussion of Larry Greiner’s article, Evolution and Revolution as Organizations Grow: A company’s past has clues for management, is necessary to provide insight into the growth phase Maple Lodge Farms is now in.Larry Greiner, a professor at the Harvard Business School, believes the natural progression of a company from its initial stages to a more sophisticated business model is a consequence of its organizational structure. In other words, an organization’s current managerial framework influences its upcoming management decisions – hence the title of Greiner’s paper. He states that the future health of a business is dependent upon the way it is managed – i. e. its management style – in addition to how it reacts to challenges presented to the established managerial setup. Companies fail to see that many clues to their future success lie within their own organizations and their evolving states of development. Moreover, the inability of management to understand its organization development problems can result in a company becoming â€Å"frozen† in its present stage of evolution or, ultimately, in failure, regardless of market opportunities† (Greiner, 1998). Moreover, Greiner contends that a business undergoes five known developmental phases – each characterized by both an evolutionary and revolutionary stage. â€Å"1.The term evolution is used to describe prolonged periods of growth where no major upheaval occurs in o rganization practices. 2. The term revolution is used to describe those periods of substantial turmoil in organization life. As a company progresses through developmental phases, each evolutionary period creates its own revolution† (Greiner, 1998). Therefore, a specific growth period is defined by a particular management style and a management crisis which results directly from it – i. e. the evolutionary and revolutionary aspects of each transitional phase respectively.Furthermore, the age and size of the organization, in addition to the growth rate of the industry, all play roles in the construction of a progression model that accurately describes a business. Greiner’s assumptions are relevant to Maple Lodge Farms because not only do they enable an understanding of the organization’s present state of development, but they also offer implications for the future stability of the business – essentially by indicating which management style a company s hould adopt as it grows and changes.Before I investigate the effectiveness of Maple Lodge Farms’ business plan – specifically its human resources approach – and forecast its growth capabilities, I must first identify the organization’s present developmental state. According to Greiner’s descriptions of the various stages a company undergoes, the history of Maple Lodge Farms shows that it is currently in the third phase of growth – specifically, the evolutionary part known as the delegation stage. The next era of growth evolves from the successful application of a decentralized organization structure. It exhibits these primary characteristics: 1. Much greater responsibility is given to the managers of plants and market territories. 2. Management often concentrates on making new acquisitions which can be lined up beside other decentralized units. 3. Communication from the top is infrequent, usually by correspondence, telephone, or brief visits to field locations† (Greiner, 1998).The owners’ dedication to providing superior customer service has guided every facet of the way their business has been managed. In pursuit of this goal, the company has successfully implemented a decentralized management structure. â€Å"We are there every step of the way – we have established a unique integrated development team that includes senior representation from Sales, Marketing, Research and Development, Quality Assurance, and Supply Chain to ensure superior quality and customer-focused service† (â€Å"Maple lodge farms†, 2011).This structural framework reflects Greiner’s organizational aspect of the delegation stage, as it offers managers greater responsibility in supervising the operations of their plants – fundamentally affording them the freedom to manage these plants as they see fit, with limited corporate intervention. The other traits Greiner prescribes to the delegation stage †“ besides the organizational arrangement –, confirms the notion that Maple Lodge Farms is in fact in this transitional phase. The delegation stage proves useful for gaining expansion through heightened motivation at lower levels. Decentralized managers with greater authority and incentive are able to penetrate larger markets, respond faster to customers, and develop new products† (Greiner, 1998). The organization’s foray into Halal poultry – especially with the prosperous Zabiha Halal line – not only demonstrates the effectiveness of the company’s branding system, but also that Maple Lodge Farms wants to breach the substantial Muslim market and thus attract a more ethnically diverse consumer base.Moreover, the organization’s successful promotions of its newer items – such as the pre-cooked refrigerated foods, the chicken bacon and other innovative manufactured products –, suggests that Maple Lodge Farms is attempting to cater to different preferences; the firm does this to capture a larger market segment, beyond what they have attained so far. Furthermore, the company’s latest acquisition of plants in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, in addition to Ontario, is testament to their desire to infiltrate a broader market across provincial lines.This action implies that Maple Lodge Farms is not only expanding its product lines to suit differentiated customer tastes, but also enlarging the organization nationwide – a claim supported by its recent obtainment of plants in New Brunswick, as well as Ontario, and its intention of partnering with Nova Scotia and P. E. I. growers to build primary operations in Berwick, Nova Scotia (â€Å"Grand river foods,† 2011). Since the characteristics that Maple Lodge Farms possesses are outlined in Greiner’s delegation stage, it thereby affirms that the organization is currently in this part of its evolution.Although Maple Lodge Farms appears to be doing well in the delegation stage of Greiner’s model, I believe that the organization may be on the verge of entering the revolutionary component of the third growth phase – referred to as the control crisis. Essentially, this situation arises as a product of the management style introduced in the delegation stage – involving market expansion, decentralized organizational structure, delegative managerial style and so on.Moreover, the control crisis occurs when â€Å"top executives sense that they are losing control over a highly diversified field operation. Autonomous field managers prefer to run their own shows without coordinating plans, money, technology, and manpower with the rest of the organization† (Greiner, 1998). Though this scenario may not be representative of the company quite yet, Greiner insinuates that at the end of an evolutionary period, all companies must enter a revolutionary period; it is merely the path that all organizations must follow in their progression models.Therefore, it is more than likely that Maple Lodge Farms may soon be in a crisis control situation, as its lengthy evolutionary stage is poised to end. The firm should understand the pending reality of a control crisis and be willing to make changes regarding the managerial framework, so as to preserve the health of the company. In 2010, Maple Lodge Farms was given the honor of being named one of fifty organizations in Canada that earned the Best Managed Company award. The CEO of Maple Lodge Farms, Michael Burrows, attributes this success to the customer-oriented method the company whole-heartedly embraces. At Maple Lodge Farms, we speak with our customers on an ongoing basis to gain their insights and to identify the most significant opportunities that move us closer to realizing their success†¦Our sales team is actively engaged with our customers and in the marketplace as often as possible in order to remain abreast of new opportunities and challenges†Ã‚  (â€Å"Maple lodge farms,† 2011). Maple Lodge Farms has nurtured this customer service focus through the use of effective human resources management, which prioritizes the recruitment and training of individuals able to meet inflexible customer demands.Consider the organization’s venture into the untapped Halal foods market. The company’s interest in realizing potential gains from Muslim buyers compelled Maple Lodge Farms to first launch its Halal product line in the 1990s – which has since been perfected over the organization’s existence. In adherence with strict Islamic procedures, the company employs several Muslim individuals to handle the slaughter of its chickens. â€Å"We have a team of several Muslim Blessers and a dedicated Muslim Product Manager†¦under oath to perform the duties assigned to them with honesty and integrity.ISNA’s Halal auditor visits our plant on daily basis to ensure the Halal process is followed with consistency† (â€Å"Maple lodge farms†). Consequently, in order to meet the stringent requirements of the Muslim community, Maple Lodge Farms has recruited and/or trained personnel in a highly specified manner, so as to satisfy their particular consumer needs. Additionally, the human resources department of Maple Lodge Farms encourages management leaders to continuously undergo training programs in order to keep abreast of new managerial techniques.This increases the efficiency of how all the plants of the firm are run. Moreover, the company has regular employee performance appraisals in order to ensure the quality of services offered to consumers. Therefore, the organization’s emphasis on fostering an organizational culture premised upon customer satisfaction – achieved partly through human resources policies concerning recruitment and training – has allowed the company to achieve recognition for its entrepreneurial strides.The workp lace diversity amongst employees of Maple Lodge Farms – ensuing from the diversification of the firm’s product lines to accommodate Halal consumers – necessitates a form of diversity management and the implementation of employee diversity programs by the human resources department. Diversity management’s initiative is not simply to advocate tolerance; more significantly, its purpose is to combine the different perspectives of a multicultural organization’s staff and use them to improve the firm’s performance.My research indicates that while Maple Lodge Farms may have a rudimentary diversity management system in place, its human resources team should consider taking full advantage of the company’s diverse employee population. This involves: top management commitment, diversity training programs, inclusive/representative communications, activities celebrating diversity, support groups/mentor programs, diversity audits and management acc ountability.I believe establishing a comprehensive diversity management system will allow Maple Lodge Farms to become not only an inclusive firm but one that is more effective from a business standpoint. My analysis of Maple Lodge Farms shows that it has tremendous potential to grow as an organization. Firstly, the managerial team should consider altering its delegative style of management to one that involves coordination techniques. Since Maple Lodge Farms seems to be on the outset of a revolutionary period in Greiner’s growth model, a change in how the company manages itself is necessary. Those companies that move ahead find a new solution in the use of special coordination techniques† (Greiner, 1998). Establishing these modifications in the organizational structure and in the general way the firm is managed, will enable Maple Lodge Farms to progress into the coordination stage – the next phase of Greiner’s growth model – and maintain the company ’s steady evolution. â€Å"All of these new coordination systems prove useful in achieving growth through more efficient allocation of a company’s limited resources.They prompt field managers to look beyond the needs of their local units†¦they learn to justify their actions more carefully to a â€Å"watchdog† audience at headquarters† (Greiner, 1998). Furthermore, the aforementioned diversity management system is another change Maple Lodge Farms should make, as it will move the organization in a new direction – wherein the marketing strategy will be more wide-ranging and cognizant of the immense diversity in customer tastes.From a human resources perspective, Maple Lodge Farms has succeeded in aspects other companies have failed in; they have created an organizational culture that whole-heartedly advocates superior customer service policies. This is evidenced by the human resources policies emphasizing the recruitment and training of qualified individuals, who are able to meet the organization’s standards of customer service. The distinction of being one of Canada’s fifty best managed companies validates the human resources measures Maple Lodge Farms has undertaken to provide first-class products and the best customer service.If the firm were to establish a strategic plan to implement a coordination management style and a diversity management system, then Maple Lodge Farms would experience no difficulties in continuing its success as a company in the future. Works Cited 1. Grand river foods fresh poultry processing division sold to maple lodge farms. (2011, November 21). Canadian Poultry Magazine, Retrieved from http://www. canadianpoultrymag. com 2. Greiner, L.E. (1998). Evolution and revolution as organizations grow. Harvard Business Review, (Reprint 98308), 4-11. Retrieved from http://www. gertjanschop. com 3. Maple lodge farms amongst best managed companies. (2011, February 23). Brampton Guardian. Retri eved from http://www. bramptonguardian. com 4. Maple lodge farms ltd. : Zabiha halal. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. zabihahalal. com